Perth (China Wall) Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery
Perth (China Wall) Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground for the dead of the First World War located near Ypres (now Ieper) in Belgium on the Western Front.
The cemetery grounds were assigned to the United Kingdom in perpetuity by King Albert I of Belgium in recognition of the sacrifices made by the British Empire in the defence and liberation of Belgium during the war.[1]
Foundation
The cemetery was begun in 1914 by French troops and adopted by the 2nd Scottish Rifles in June 1917.[2] A front line cemetery, it was called Perth (as the predecessors of the 2nd Scottish Rifles were raised in Perth), China Wall (from the communication trench known as the Great Wall of China), or Halfway House Cemetery and was in use until October 1917.[3] At the time of the armistice, it was a small cemetery of some 130 graves. It was expanded dramatically by concentration of graves from smaller cemeteries. The French element was also expanded, although these 158 graves have since been removed entirely.[4]
The cemetery was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens.[2]
Notable graves
This cemetery contains the burial places of two Victoria Cross winners namely
The cemetery also contains the burial places of seven soldiers executed by their own side for cowardice or desertion:
- Private George Ernest Roe, of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, from Sheffield.[7] He was executed for desertion in June 1915,[3] aged 19.
- Private Thomas Harris, Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment).[8] He was executed for desertion in June 1915,[3] aged 21.
- Private Thomas Docherty, King's Own Scottish Borderers.[9] He was executed for desertion in July 1915.[3]
- Corporal Frederick Ives, Worcestershire Regiment.[10] He was executed for desertion in July 1915,[3] aged 30.
- Private Ernest Fellows, Worcestershire Regiment, from Birmingham.[11] He was executed for desertion in July 1915, aged 29,[3] leaving a wife, Annie, and his parents James and Emma.
- Private Louis Phillips, Somerset Light Infantry.[12] He was executed for desertion in August 1915,[3] aged 23.
- Private Evan Fraser, Royal Scots.[13] He was executed for desertion in August 1915,[3] aged 19. He is commemorated on a special memorial, his original grave having been lost. Fraser absconded from his regiment at 4pm on 24 May 1915. He was arrested the next day at a local railway station in possession of a forged pass and handed back to the British. Whilst in British custody he escaped, but again was caught after little more than 24 hours. Two weeks later, he escaped custody for a second time and again was arrested within a day. On 13 July he was charged with having deserted on three occasions and of conduct to the prejudice of good order (having a forged pass). He was undefended at his trial. He pleaded guilty to the forgery, but not guilty to the counts of desertion. His battalion adjutant gave evidence, saying that Fraser was "a continual source of annoyance", a shirker and a continual deserter. He was shot at 4am on 2 August 1915.[14]
On 7 November 2006, the British government reversed its previous decision and announced a pardon for all soldiers executed in the Great War.[15]
Concentrated cemeteries
The following cemeteries were concentrated into Perth (China Wall):[2]
- Becelaere German No 1 (2 soldiers)
- Belgian Chateau, Vlamertinghe (12 UK, 11 Canadian)
- Broodseinde German, Zonnebeke (12)
- Durham, Zillebeke (52)
- Garter Point, Zonnebeke (19 Australian, 8 UK, 3 unknown)
- Gordon House No 2, Zillebeke (30)
- Hans Kirchner German, Poelcapelle (4)
- Houthulst German (1)
- Keerselaere West German, Langemark (29)
- Keerselaerhoek German, Passendale (12 UK, 2 Canadian)
- Langemarck German No 7 (Totenwaldchen), Langemark (4)
- Langemarch German No 8, Langemark (27)
- L'Ebbe Farm, Poperinge (21)
- Manneken Farm German No 3, Zarren (13)
- Nachtigall (also known as Rossignol or Vieux-Chien) German, Gheluvelt (69)
- Poelcapelle German No 2 (96)
- Poelcapelle German No 3 (23 UK, 19 Canadian)
- Ration Dump Burial Ground, Zillebeke (28 UK, 1 Canadian)
- Reutel German, Becelaere (125 UK, 2 Canadian, 1 New Zealand)
- St Joseph German, Hooglede (4)
- St Julien Communal, Langemark (6 Canadian)
- St Julien East German, (65 UK, 31 Canadian)
- Schreiboom German, Langemark (34)
- Transport Farm Annexe, Zillebeke (27)
- Trench Railway, Zillebeke (21)
- Treurniet German, Poelcapelle (1 Canadian)
- Wallemolen German, Passendale (20 UK, 15 Canadian)
- Weidendreft German, Langemark (98)
- Westroosebeke German No 2 (1)
References
- ^ First World War, accessed 19 August 2006
- ^ a b c "CWGC :: Cemetery Details". www.cwgc.org. http://www.cwgc.org/search/cemetery_details.aspx?cemetery=10000&mode=1. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "PERTH CEMETERY (China Wall)". ww1cemeteries.com. http://ww1cemeteries.com/ww1cemeteries/perthcemeterychinawall.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
- ^ "Wereldoorlog I in de Westhoek - Perth (China Wall)". www.wo1.be. http://www.wo1.be/eng/database/dbDetail.asp?TypeID=6&SubTypeID=19&ItemID=5685. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
- ^ Casualty Details—Birks, Frederick, Commonwealth War Graves Commission. accessed 21 January 2010
- ^ Casualty Details—Johnston, William Henry, Commonwealth War Graves Commission. accessed 21 January 2010
- ^ Casualty Details—3/1433 Roe G E, Commonwealth War Graves Commission. accessed 4 May 2008
- ^ Casualty Details—L/10132 Harris T, Commonwealth War Graves Commission. accessed 4 May 2008
- ^ Casualty Details—11559 Docherty T, Commonwealth War Graves Commission. accessed 4 May 2008
- ^ Casualty Details—12295 Ives F, Commonwealth War Graves Commission. accessed 4 May 2008
- ^ Casualty Details—9722 Fellows E, Commonwealth War Graves Commission. accessed 4 May 2008
- ^ Casualty Details—10315 Phillips L, Commonwealth War Graves Commission. accessed 4 May 2008
- ^ Casualty Details—11653 Fraser E, Commonwealth War Graves Commission. accessed 4 May 2008
- ^ Putkowski, Julian. "Private Fraser". www.janpieterchielens.be. http://www.janpieterchielens.be/shotatdawn/page66.html. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
- ^ Shot at Dawn Campaign website, accessed 1 October 2007
External links